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KMID : 0923620230230050039
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Immune Network
2023 Volume.23 No. 5 p.39 ~ p.39
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COVID-19 Vaccination Alters NK Cell Dynamics and Transiently Reduces HBsAg Titers Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
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Shin Hyun-Jae
Lee Ha-Seok
Noh Ji-Yun
Koh June-Young
Kim So-Young
Park Jea-Yeon
Chung Sung-Won
Hur Moon-Haeng
Park Min-Kyung
Lee Yun-Bin
Kim Yoon-Jun
Yoon Jung-Hwan
Ko Jae-Hoon
Peck Kyong-Ran
Song Joon-Young
Shin Eui-Cheol
Lee Jeong-Hoon
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Abstract
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination may non-specifically alter the host immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) titer and host immunity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Consecutive 2,797 CHB patients who had serial HBsAg measurements during antiviral treatment were included in this study. Changes in the HBsAg levels after COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed. The dynamics of NK cells following COVID-19 vaccination were also examined using serial blood samples collected prospectively from 25 healthy volunteers. Vaccinated CHB patients (n=2,329) had significantly lower HBsAg levels 1?30 days post-vaccination compared to baseline (median, ?21.4 IU/ml from baseline), but the levels reverted to baseline by 91?180 days (median, ?3.8 IU/ml). The velocity of the HBsAg decline was transiently accelerated within 30 days after vaccination (median velocity: ?0.06, ?0.39, and ?0.04 log10 IU/ml/year in pre-vaccination period, days 1?30, and days 31?90, respectively). In contrast, unvaccinated patients (n=468) had no change in HBsAg levels. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the frequency of NK cells expressing NKG2A, an NK inhibitory receptor, significantly decreased within 7 days after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine (median, ?13.1% from baseline; p<0.001). The decrease in the frequency of NKG2A+ NK cells was observed in the CD56dimCD16+ NK cell population regardless of type of COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccination leads to a rapid, transient decline in HBsAg titer and a decrease in the frequency of NKG2A+ NK cells.
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KEYWORD
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COVID-19 vaccines, Chronic hepatitis B, HBsAg, NK cells, NKG2A
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